When my daughter was diagnosed with multiple food allergies, I quickly learned that some allergens receive much more attention than others. In the United States, nine major food allergens are required to be clearly labeled on packaged foods and account for the majority of food allergy reactions.
In this article, we’ll review the top food allergens in the United States and discuss some other allergens that parents and caregivers may encounter.
If you’re new to food allergies, you may also want to start with my Food Allergy 101 guide, which covers food allergy symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment options.
What Are the Top 9 Food Allergens?
| Allergen | Must Be Labeled? |
|---|---|
| Milk | Yes |
| Egg | Yes |
| Peanut | Yes |
| Tree Nuts | Yes |
| Wheat | Yes |
| Soy | Yes |
| Fish | Yes |
| Shellfish | Yes |
| Sesame | Yes |
While the Top 9 allergens must be clearly identified on packaged foods in the United States, precautionary statements such as “may contain” or “manufactured in a facility that also processes” are voluntary. These statements are not regulated in the same way as ingredient labels, which can make food allergy management more challenging for families.
If you’re confused about “may contain” labels and what they actually mean, read my complete guide to understanding precautionary allergen labeling.
Are There Other Food Allergies Besides the Top 9?
Absolutely. While the Top 9 allergens receive the most attention, many other foods can trigger allergic reactions. Some are more common in other countries, while others are becoming more noticeable as food manufacturing trends change.
Mustard
We have a mustard allergy in our home, so this is one I pay particularly close attention to. While mustard is not one of the Top 9 allergens in the United States, it is considered a major allergen in Canada and many European countries.
Most people think of mustard as the yellow condiment served with hot dogs and hamburgers, but mustard can also be used as a spice or ingredient in many packaged foods. It may be found in salad dressings, marinades, sauces, deli meats, pickles, soups, seasoning blends, and snack foods.
One challenge for families managing a mustard allergy is that mustard does not have to be clearly identified on food labels in the United States. In some cases, it may be included within a spice blend or seasoning mix. If your child has a mustard allergy and you are unsure about an ingredient, contact the manufacturer directly for clarification.
Pea Protein
Pea protein has become increasingly popular in recent years as manufacturers look for plant-based ways to add protein to foods. As a result, it is now found in a wide variety of products, including protein powders, protein bars, dairy alternatives, meat substitutes, and packaged snacks.
Although pea allergy is still relatively uncommon, many food allergy professionals have noticed increased concerns about reactions to peas and pea protein. This may be due in part to the growing number of foods that contain concentrated pea protein ingredients.
Peas are part of the legume family, which also includes peanuts, lentils, chickpeas, and beans. While most people with peanut allergy tolerate peas without issue, some individuals may react to both. If your child has a peanut allergy and experiences symptoms after eating peas or products containing pea protein, discuss this with your allergist.
Because pea protein is often used in foods marketed as allergy-friendly or plant-based, parents may encounter it more frequently than they realize. For families managing food allergies, it can be helpful to have a list of alternative protein options. You can find ideas in my guide to protein sources for kids with food allergies.
Sulfite Sensitivity
Sulfites are preservatives that help extend shelf life and prevent discoloration in certain foods and beverages. While true sulfite allergy is uncommon, some individuals are sensitive to sulfites and may experience symptoms after consuming them.
Sulfites may be found in dried fruits, wine, vinegar, condiments, dried herbs, jams, and some packaged foods. If you suspect sulfites are causing symptoms, speak with your healthcare provider or allergist for proper evaluation.
Corn
Corn allergy is relatively uncommon compared to allergies to milk, egg, peanut, or tree nuts. However, for individuals who are allergic, avoiding corn can be challenging because corn-derived ingredients appear in many processed foods.
In addition to whole corn, ingredients such as cornstarch, corn syrup, corn flour, and other corn derivatives may be found in packaged foods. If you suspect a reaction to corn or corn-containing products, consult an allergist for evaluation and guidance.
Food Allergies Around the World
Food allergen labeling laws vary from country to country. While the United States requires labeling of the Top 9 allergens, other countries have different requirements.
Canada
Canada recognizes additional priority allergens, including mustard, which must be clearly identified on food labels.
United Kingdom
The United Kingdom requires labeling of 14 major allergens, including mustard and celery.
Other Countries
Common food allergens often reflect local eating patterns. In some parts of the world, foods such as buckwheat, lupin, or certain fruits and vegetables are more commonly associated with allergic reactions.
If you are traveling internationally, take time to research local allergen labeling laws before your trip. Carrying a translated allergy card and learning key allergy-related phrases can help you communicate more effectively and reduce the risk of accidental exposure. If you’re planning a trip, my traveling with food allergies guide includes additional tips for staying safe while eating away from home.
Putting It All Together
While the Top 9 allergens receive the most attention in the United States, they are not the only foods capable of causing allergic reactions. Mustard, pea protein, corn, sulfites, and other foods may require additional label reading and communication with manufacturers. Understanding both common and emerging allergens can help families make safer food choices at home and while traveling.
Looking for Safe Snack Ideas?
Finding snacks that are both safe and kid-approved can feel overwhelming, especially when you’re managing multiple food allergies. Download my free guide, 100+ Allergy-Friendly Snacks, for practical snack ideas that work at home, school, sports, and travel.
Additional Food Allergy Resources
Managing food allergies involves much more than simply knowing which foods to avoid. Learning how to read labels, pack safe meals, and find allergy-friendly foods can help families feel more confident and prepared.
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